CPAP Equipment Troubleshooting: A Clinical Reference

Equipment problems frustrate patients and drive non-compliance. Fast, accurate troubleshooting keeps therapy on track.

Machine Issues

Power Problems

Machine won't turn on:

1. Check power cord connection (both ends)
2. Test outlet with another device
3. Check for tripped GFCI outlet
4. Inspect cord for damage
5. If none above: likely machine failure, replace

Machine turns off during night:

1. Check auto-off setting (some machines stop when mask removed)
2. Inspect power cord for loose connection
3. Check for overheating (ensure vents clear)
4. Review error codes if displayed

Error Codes

Common ResMed errors:

• E-11: Power supply issue (check cord, try different outlet)
• E-24: Blower failure (needs service/replacement)
• E-33: Air pressure sensor fault (needs service)

React Health errors:

• Err01: Motor error (reset, if persists needs service)
• Err02: Pressure sensor error (check tubing connection)

General principle: Note error code, power cycle, if persists escalate to technical support.

Noise Issues

New unusual noise:

1. Check tubing connections (loose = whistling)
2. Inspect filter (dirty = labored motor sound)
3. Listen for water in tubing (gurgling)
4. Check mask exhaust ports (blocked = changed sound)

Loud motor:

• Normal: Most machines 25-30 dB
• Abnormal: Grinding, rattling, high-pitched whine
• Action: If clearly abnormal, replace machine

Humidifier Problems

Not producing moisture:

1. Check water level
2. Ensure humidifier seated correctly
3. Verify humidifier setting not at 0
4. Check heated tubing connection (if applicable)

Too much moisture (rainout):

1. Lower humidity setting
2. Add heated tubing
3. Route tubing under covers
4. Lower room temperature (if possible)

Mineral buildup:

• Cause: Using tap water
• Solution: Use distilled water, clean chamber weekly
• Severe: Replace chamber

Mask Issues

Full Face Masks

Leak at nose bridge:

• Causes: Wrong size, overtightened, nasal bridge shape
• Try: Loosen slightly, reposition, different size or style

Leak at chin:

• Causes: Mouth opening, jaw dropping
• Try: Chin strap (if not full face), adjust lower straps

Claustrophobic feeling:

• Causes: Coverage anxiety, pressure sensation
• Try: Desensitization, switch to minimal-contact design

Nasal Masks

Leak at nose:

• Causes: Size mismatch, cushion worn
• Try: Resize, replace cushion, check positioning

Mouth breathing:

• Causes: Nasal congestion, habit, jaw relaxation
• Try: Chin strap, treat congestion, consider full face

Red marks on bridge:

• Causes: Overtightening, sensitive skin
• Try: Loosen, barrier cream, mask liner, different style

Nasal Pillows

Nostril discomfort:

• Causes: Wrong size, pressure too high
• Try: Resize (smaller often better), check EPR setting

Air escape around nostrils:

• Causes: Undersized pillows, positioning
• Try: Larger size, adjust headgear, ensure pillows fully inserted

Dry/bleeding nose:

• Causes: Insufficient humidity, high pressure
• Try: Increase humidity, check pressure settings

Tubing Issues

Air Leaks in Tubing

Pinhole leaks:

• Detection: Run hand along tubing while machine running, feel for air
• Solution: Replace tubing

Connection leaks:

• Check: Machine end, mask end, humidifier connection
• Solution: Ensure fully seated, check for cracks

Condensation (Rainout)

Prevention:

• Heated tubing
• Route under covers
• Tubing insulator sleeve
• Lower humidity setting

If occurs:

• Drain tube before sleeping
• Ensure no kinks or low spots

Tubing Condition

Replace when:

• Discolored (yellow/brown)
• Stiff or kinked
• Visible cracks or holes
• Every 3-6 months routine

Filter Issues

Standard Filter

Frequency: Replace every 2 weeks or as indicated

Signs of need:

• Visible discoloration
• Reduced airflow (motor working harder)
• Allergies worsening

Fine/Hypoallergenic Filter

Frequency: Replace monthly or as indicated

Signs of need:

• Same as standard
• Particularly important for allergy patients

Accessory Troubleshooting

Chin Straps

Problem: Keeps coming loose

Solution: Adjust sizing, try different brand, check wash wear

Problem: Skin irritation

Solution: Different material, adjust position, wear looser

CPAP Pillows

Problem: Not helping with mask pressure

Solution: Adjust pillow position, try different cutout design

Problem: Uncomfortable

Solution: May need trial of different pillow types

Mask Liners

Problem: Liner shifts during night

Solution: Reposition, try adhesive liner, different brand

Problem: Increases leak

Solution: May be wrong size, try thinner liner

When to Replace vs. Repair

Replace

• Machine under warranty: Contact manufacturer
• Machine out of warranty with major issue: Usually cheaper to replace
• Masks and cushions: Always replace, not repairable
• Tubing: Not repairable

Repair/Service

• High-value equipment (BiPAP, ventilators)
• Specific part failures covered by service
• Within warranty period

Documentation

For equipment issues, document:

• Problem reported
• Troubleshooting steps taken
• Outcome
• Equipment replaced (if applicable, include lot numbers)
• Follow-up plan

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